Heatstroke 101: Your must-know guide this summer

As temperatures soar, so does the risk of heat stroke. Unlike simple exhaustion, heat stroke is a severe medical emergency. Think of it as the body’s cooling system shutting down completely. Knowing the signs, could save a life.

Heat exhaustion vs heatstroke: Know the difference

This is the most important distinction. Heat exhaustion is your body’s final warning. Heatstroke is the catastrophic failure that follows.

Heat exhaustion symptoms

• Heavy sweating
• Cool/clammy skin
• Nausea, dizziness and headache 

Action to take

Cool the person down immediately by doing the following:

• Moving them to a cool place
• Removing all unnecessary clothing, like a jacket or socks
• If they are conscious, give them a sports or rehydration drink or cool water
• Cool their skin. Spray or sponge them with cool water and fan them
• Cold packs, wrapped in a cloth and put under the armpits or on the neck, are good too

Heat stroke: Key signs include

• Confusion, agitation or slurred speech (the central nervous system is affected)
• Hot, red and dry skin (sweating has stopped)
• A very high body temperature (40°C or above)
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• A fast, strong pulse

What to do in a heat stroke emergency

If you suspect heatstroke, every second counts. Follow these steps while waiting for emergency services:

1. Call emergency services. This is non-negotiable.
2. Move the person to a cool, shaded place.
3. Cool them rapidly. This is critical. Use whatever is available:
4. Immerse them in a cool bath or shower
5. Spray them with a garden hose
6. Sponge them with cool water and fan them vigorously
7. Apply ice packs or cold, wet towels to the neck, armpits and groin

Prevention is your best defence

Heatstroke is almost always preventable. Beat the heat with these simple habits:

• Hydrate relentlessly: Drink water throughout the day, don’t wait until you’re thirsty
• Timing is everything: Avoid strenuous activity during the peak sun hours of 10h00 to 16h00
• Dress smart: Wear lightweight, light-coloured and loose-fitting clothing
• Never, ever leave anyone in a parked car. The interior temperature can become lethal in minutes

This summer stay cool, stay hydrated and stay informed.

Share this knowledge – it’s a tool as essential as sunscreen.